Bibliography

Research in art, design and the media is still at a relatively early stage, and this is reflected in the literature available. This is particularly so with regard to ethics. The following is a selection of texts that have application and relevance to the discipline, though some of them may not have been written specifically with art, design and media in mind. Some of the texts are general introductions to ethical issues and concerns associated with research, while others deal specifically issues of particular relevance to the discipline, for example, the use of images. If you know of other useful texts, then you are invited to contribute these by emailing Darren Newbury.

Bissett, A. 2005. Developing an ethics policy for research that uses ICT. ETHICOMP 2005, Centre for Applied Ethics, Linköping University, Sweden, 12-15 September, 2005.

This paper describes the development of a research ethics policy for research involving ICT at the author’s institution. It covers issues such as privacy, research using on-line surveys, research using external computer systems, computer processing of experimental results, virtual reality, identity hiding, and unsolicited email.

Candy, C. & Edmonds, E. 2002. Explorations in Art and Technology London: Springer-Verlag.

This book uses case studies of innovative projects to explore the relationship between artists and technologists. In doing so, it considers nature of collaborative partnerships, including issues of attribution of contributions in art / technology projects.

Elliott, D. & Stern, J. E. 1997. Research Ethics: A Reader. Hanover: University Press of New England.

Primarily concerned with ethics in scientific research, this reader provides an overview of current ethical dilemmas in research, including institutional responsibility, conflict of interest, and experimentation with animals and humans. It discusses methodologies for ethically conducting, reporting and funding research.

Forbat, L. & Henderson, J. 2005.Theoretical and practical reflections on sharing transcripts with participants. Qualitative Health Research 15(8): 1114-1128.

This paper discusses the implications for participants of seeing transcripts and extracts in academic writing of interviews, and the relationship between the transcript and the participant’s memory of what happened. It argues for greater reflexivity in sharing transcripts.

Grinyer, A. 2002. The anonymity of research participants: assumptions, ethics and practicalities. Social Research Update 36. [Available online at http://www.soc.surrey.ac.uk/sru/SRU36.html]

This paper discusses the appropriateness of anonymity, and argues that for some participants the use of their real names allows them to retain a sense of ownership.

Gross, L., Katz, J. S. & Ruby, J. Eds. 2003. Image Ethics in the Digital Age Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.

This book explores the moral, legal and professional dilemmas posed by present use of digital imagery, including the production, manipulation, and dissemination of images. It includes contributions from leading experts in the fields of journalism, media studies and law.

Halasa, K. 1998. Annotated Bibliography – Ethics in Educational Research. Australian Association for Research in Education (AARE). [Available online at http://www.aare.edu.au/ethics/aareethc.htm]

Although primarily concerned with educational research, this review covers the key literature on ethics from the mid 1980’s onwards including informed consent, the relationship between researcher and researched, and data storage.

Hayhoe, S. 2000. The cultural subjectivity of research ethics. Paper delivered at Keele University, November, 2000.

Using his own experience of conducting ethnographic research into art education with visually impaired adults, the author discusses the difficulty of translating the generalised statements of ethical guidelines into an ethically based research methodology

Hudson, S. 2000. Ethics for alternative paradigms: an exploration of options. Graduate Research in Nursing 1(2). [Available online at http://www.graduateresearch.com/hudson.htm]

This paper argues that conventional bioethical principles are unsuited to qualitative research in medicine, and proposes an alternative ethics of care, predicated on the recognition of emotions such as sympathy and compassion, and based on feminist ethics.

Knight, J. 2004. Design for life: ethics, empathy and experience. In Proceedings of Design for Life, British HCI Group Annual Conference, Leeds Metropolitan University, 6-10 September, 2004.

This paper discusses the implications of an ethical framework for design, and proposes an alternative design goal: that of well-being.

Mercedes, D. 1996. Digital ethics: computers, photographs, and the manipulation of pixels. Art Education 49(3): 44-50.

This paper discusses the ethical dilemmas associated with the manipulation of images, whether original or ‘borrowed’, and discusses the moral and legal issues associated with this.

Oliver, P. 2003. The Student’s Guide to Research Ethics. Buckingham: Open University Press.

This book provides a practical guide to addressing ethical issues associated with both student and professional research. It covers the stages of research, from design to data collection and analysis, and discusses the application of ethical theories to the resolution of real ethical problems.

Papademus, D. Ed. 2004. Ethics in visual research (special issue). Visual Studies 19(2).

This issue, guest edited by Diana Papademus, is entirely devoted to ethical issues related to visual research.

Pauwels, L. 2006. Ethical issues of online (visual) research. Visual Anthropology 19(3-4): 365-369.

Prosser, J. 2000. The moral maze of image ethics. In Simmons, H. & Usher, R., eds., Situated Ethics in Educational Research. London: Routledge.

This chapter discusses common ethical predicaments that result from applying an image-based approach to research. It covers photographic and moving images, overt and covert methods, and considers issues related to both making and using images. The author argues that this methodology has its own specific ethical dilemmas, for which there are no established consistent ethical guidelines.

Ranzett, C. M. & Lee, R. Eds. 1993. Researching Sensitive Topics. London: Sage.

Discusses the practical, ethical and political issues associated with researching sensitive social topics, such as child abuse, marital rape, and Aids. Contributions from a variety of disciplines, including psychology, sociology, nursing and anthropology.

Shaw, L. 2003. Ethics in qualitative research and evaluation. Journal of Social Work 3(1): 9-29.

Although written from the perspective of social work, this paper discusses a range of ethical issues, including their philosophical basis of ethical concerns.

Sieber, J. E. 1992. Planning Ethically Responsible Research. London: Sage.

A practical guide to planning ethically responsible social and behavioural research, covering issues of consent, privacy, confidentiality, deception, and the needs of vulnerable populations.

Simmons, H. & Usher, R. Eds. 2000. Situated Ethics in Educational Research London: Routledge.

This book considers ethical issues from the perspective of a range of situations, and argues that ethical principles must respond to, and should be articulated within the context of, the specifics of a research situation. Contributors present theoretical models and practical examples of situated ethics in specific research areas.

Smyth, M. & Williamson, E. Eds. 2004. Researchers and their Subjects: Ethics, Power, Knowledge and Consent. Bristol: The Policy Press.

This book explores the differences in approach to research ethics across disciplines. It analyses case studies of research projects where ethics have been central, and assesses the impact of ethics on research methods and approaches.

Thomas, N. & O’Kane, C. 1998. The ethics of participatory research with children. Children and Society 12(5): 336-348.

This paper describes a study of children’s participation in research decisions, including choice of topics, methods of communication, and opportunities for the children to interpret the data themselves. It argues that a participatory approach can overcome many of the ethical problems associated with research involving children.

Whiteley, N. 1999. Utility, design principles and the ethical tradition. In Ashfield, J., ed., Utility Reassessed: The Role of Ethics in the Practice of Design. Manchester: Manchester University Press.